花生百仁质量和含油量的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis for Seed Mass and Oil Content of Peanuts

本研究以大花生品种花育36号为母本,高油品系高油613为父本,构建重组自交系(recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体。采用数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型联合分离分析方法,对百仁质量和含油量进行遗传分析。结果表明,花生百仁质量符合I_9模型,即4对主基因加性效应+多基因加性上位性模型,其中3对主基因加性效应相等,主基因遗传率为59.01%,多基因遗传率为40.28%。花生含油量符合E_1_9模型,即2对主基因+加性多基因模型,主基因存在抑制作用,主基因遗传率为64.60%,多基因遗传率为27.18%。同时鉴定出6个高油大花生家系,百仁质量大于115g且含油量高于59%。本研究为深入开展花生百仁质量和含油量分子机制研究,培育高油花生新品种奠定了重要基础。

In this study, we constructed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross of a large pod variety Huayu36 and a high oil content line Gaoyou613. 100 seed mass and oil content of each RIL line were analyzed with mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. Genetic analysis revealed that 100 seed mass is controlled by 4 pairs of major genes with additive effect and polygenes with additive-epitasis effect, of which 3 major genes have equal additive effect. The heritability of major genes and polygenes are 59.01% and 40.28%, respectively. The oil content trait is controlled by 2 pairs of major genes with inhibiting effect and polygenes with additive effect. The heritability of major genes and polygenes are 64.60% and 27.18%, respectively. Meanwhile, 6 lines with large pod (100 seed mass >115g) and high oil content (oil content >59%) were obtained by screening the RIL population. This work provided a great basis to study the genetic mechanism regulating peanut seed mass and oil content, and breed new peanut varieties with large seed and high oil content.