钙肥及气象因子对花生开花动态的影响

Effects of Calcium Fertilizer and Meteorological Factors on Flowering Dynamics of Peanut

花生具有无限生长习性,存在"花多不齐、针多不实、果多不饱"及冗余生长的弊端,通过栽培措施促早花,有望提高有效花比率,实现早结果、结饱果。本文在盆栽条件下,研究了花生钙肥施用量和方式及气候条件对花期和开花数的影响。结果表明:施钙能促使花生提早进入开花高峰期,抑制生育后期开花。施钙与不施钙相比,花期缩短8.65%～17.31%,总开花量增加1.07%～32.54%,高位花率降低6.86%～24.91%。每667m^2施钙50kg促进前期开花效果好,施钙75kg抑制后期无效花效果好;一次性施钙比始花期追施控花效果好。整个开花阶段的花生开花量与日均温度极显著正相关,而降雨量则影响相对较小,施钙可以降低温度变化对花生开花产生的影响,有利于促早花、控晚花。

Peanut has a certain infinite growth habits as much but uneven flowers, much but unfruitful needles, much but unfilled fruits , and the drawbacks of redundant growth. Through the cultivation measures to promote early flower is expected to improve the effective flower ratio, achieve early pod-bearing and enhance fruit fullness. In this paper, the effects of the amount and mode of peanut calcium fertilization and climatic conditions on flowering and flower number were studied under potted condition. The results showed that the application of calcium could induce the peanut to enter the early flowering peak and inhibit the later flowering. Compared with the non-application of calcium, the flowering period shortened by 8.65%~17.31%, the total flowering increased by 1.07%~32.54%, the high flower rate decreased by 6.86%~24.91%. Calcium application of 50 kg/667 m^2 promoted the early flowering, the calcium application of 75 kg/667 m^2 inhibited later ineffective flowering. A one-time application effect of calcium on flower control was better than the application at beginning of flowering. The flowering amount of the whole flowering stage was positively correlated with the daily average temperature, while the influence of rainfall was relatively little, and the effect of temperature variation on the flowering of peanut was reduced, which was beneficial to the early flowering promotion and the late flowering control.