环境污染第三方治理的侵权责任界定

Definition of tort liability in the third party governance of environmental pollution

环境污染第三方治理中的侵权责任界定不能依赖于委托治理模式、托管运营模式、集中治理模式、分散治理模式等类型表达,应从明确排污企业与治污企业间的基础关系展开。以治污设施由排污企业或者治污企业提供为根据,环境污染第三方治理中排污企业与治污企业间的基础关系可能为环境服务合同法律关系或者承揽合同法律关系;此外,二者间的基础关系也可能为无效合同关系。在环境服务合同法律关系下,治污企业若有过错则与排污企业对外承担连带责任;在承揽合同法律关系下,排污企业若无定作、指示、选任过失,治污企业作为承揽人对外承担侵权责任;在无效合同关系下,排污企业与治污企业应区分共同侵权行为、共同危险行为、存在累积因果关系的分别侵权行为,以及存在共同因果关系的分别侵权行为等行为类型,承担或连带或按份或部分连带加部分按份的侵权责任。排污企业与治污企业间最终责任的承担,应依约定或者法定比例进行分配。

The definition of tort liability in third-party environmental pollution control cannot rely on the form division of entrusted management code,custody operation mode,centralized management mode and decentralized governance mode.It should be carried out from the clear relationship between the polluting and pollution control enterprises.According to the pollution control facilities provided by the polluting or pollution control enterprises,the basic relationship between the polluting and pollution control enterprises in third-party environmental pollution control may be the legal relationship of environmental service contracts or work contracts;in addition,the basic relationship between the two may also be an invalid contractual relationship.Under the legal relationship of environmental service contract,the pollution control enterprises should assume joint and several liability with the polluting enterprises if there is any fault in the former.Under work contract,the pollution control enterprises shall bear tort liability if there is no ordering,directing or choosing negligence in the polluting enterprises.Under invalid contract,common infringement,common dangerous behavior,separate infringement with cumulative causality and separate infringement with joint causality should be distinguished,for the polluting and pollution control enterprises to assume joint,or shared,or partly joint and partly shared tort liability.The ultimate liability between the polluting and pollution control enterprises shall be allocated according to the appointed or legal proportion.