不同养殖阶段大黄鱼体色及营养成分差异性比较

Comparison of Difference in the Body Color and Nutritional Composition of Pseudosciaena Crocea in Different Culture Stages

目的以围网养殖大黄鱼为研究对象,比较养殖阶段大黄鱼体形、营养成分等方面的差异性,旨在分析季节变化和生长周期对养殖大黄鱼体色和营养差异的影响。方法以野生大黄鱼(W)为参照,分别对不同养殖阶段的大黄鱼(养殖到7月、10月、次年1月的小黄鱼分别用S0,S1,S2表示)进行体形指标、鲜度指标、色差、营养指标分析,综合评价不同养殖阶段大黄鱼体色与营养成分的差异性。结果养殖和野生大黄鱼鲜度均符合一级品要求;野生鱼的体长/体高值>养殖鱼的体长/体高值;野生鱼的肥满度大于养殖鱼的肥满度;脂肪含量呈下降趋势。野生鱼b*值大于S0的b*值(P<0.05),但小于S1和S2的b*值(P>0.05);野生鱼的饱和脂肪酸总量大于养殖鱼,差异显著(P<0.05);野生鱼的单不饱和脂肪酸总量大于养殖鱼;野生鱼的多不饱和脂肪酸总量以及二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸总量小于养殖鱼;野生鱼的动脉硬化指数和血栓形成指数大于养殖鱼;野生鱼的多烯指数小于养殖鱼的多烯指数;野生鱼和养殖鱼的非必需氨基酸(NEAA)含量>必需氨基酸(EAA)含量>半必需氨基酸(SEAA)含量;野生鱼的TAA(总氨基酸)含量>养殖鱼TAA含量,野生鱼的F值<养殖鱼的F值;野生鱼和S2的第1限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸,第2限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸,S0和S1却相反。结论大黄鱼围网养殖的养殖周期能在较大程度上影响鱼体肥满度和脂肪含量。

The work aims to analyze the effects of seasonal change and growth cycle on the body color and nutritional composition difference of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea, by comparing the difference in the body shape and nutritional composition of cultured Pseudosciaena crocea, with the Pseudosciaena crocea in purse seine culture as the study object. With the wild Pseudosciaena crocea(W) as the control group, the Pseudosciaena croceas in different culturing stages(S0 for July, S1 for October, S2 for January of next year) were analyzed for body shape index, freshness index, color difference and nutritional index. The difference in body color and nutritional composition of Pseudosciaena crocea in different culture stages was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that, the freshness of cultured and wild Pseudosciaena croceas reached the first level standards; the body length/height of wild fish was larger than that of cultured fish; the fatness of wild fish was larger than that of cultured fish; and the fat content was in decline. The b* value of wild fish>S0(P<0.05), but<S1 and S2(P>0.05). ΣSFA of wild fish was significantly larger than that of cultured fish(P<0.05). ΣMUFA of wild fish was larger than that of cultured fish. ΣPUFA and Σ(EPA+DHA) of wild fish were lower than those of cultured fish. IA and IT of wild fish were larger than those of cultured fish, but PI value was lower than that of cultured fish. The wild and cultured fish both expressed the rule NEAA>EAA>SEAA. The TAA content of wild fish was higher than that of cultured fish. F value of wild fish was smaller than that of cultured fish. The first restrictive amino acids of wild fish and S2 were valine, and the second restrictive amino acid was methionine + cystine. However, S0 and S1 were on the contrary. The culture cycle of purse seine culture of Pseudosciaena crocea can greatly affect the body fatness and fat content.