生死的本质与超越——老子生死观简析

The Essence and Transcendence of Life and Death ——Brief Analysis of Laozi’s View on Life and Death

老子《道德经》蕴含以"道"为核心、以自然为根本特征的哲学思想。其中生死观阐释了人之生死的本质内涵:人的生命由形上之"道"所生,秉承"道"的特质而成其自然性;人的死亡本质上是由"道"的运作与定数所致,具有必然性。此外,老子认为人过于刚强,与"道"性不符,也会趋向夭亡。基于对人之生死的体悟,老子提出了具有实践倾向的养生方法与生死超越的途径,其对后期道家学派的人生理论和当代社会人的死亡认知产生深远影响。

Laozi's DaoDeJing includes a philosophical thought with“Tao”as its core idea and nature as its main feature.The view of life and death explains the essential meaning about the life and death of human.The human life is produced by“Tao”that exists in metaphysics,and its naturalness is based on the characteristics of“Tao”;the essence of death is caused by the operate and fate of,which is inevitable.In addition,Laozi believes that an individual would die if he is too doughty and inconsistent with the nature of take of“Tao”.According lo digestion about life and death,Laozi has put forward the method of nourishing of life and the way about transcendence of life and death,which has a far-reaching influence on the weltanshauung of later taoist school and the death cognition of contemporary modernist.