论诗歌语言的空间属性及“语法”表现

Spatial Attributes and Grammatical Expressions of Poetic Language

诗歌语言是具有空间属性的聚合轴主导型语言,诗歌的空间语法为相当关系所统摄,在形式上表现为能指与所指的对应或应和。古典汉语诗歌的空间建构倾向由能指形式主导,现代诗则倾向由所指形式主导,并且前者所指形式以同义方式应和为主,后者所指形式以偏离方式应和为主。从空间语法角度看,传统格律诗歌与自由诗的区分并不重要,它们只是形式手段上的差别。空间语法形式有三个分支:能指层的应和体系,所指层的应和体系,以及能指与所指的整体应和体系。

The paradigmatic axis with spatial attributes plays a leading role in poetic language.The spatial grammar of poetry is governed by equivalence relations and characterized by a form correspondence between the signifier and the signified.The spatial construction of Chinese classics tends to be dominated by the signifier forms,while modern poetry by the signified ones.Moreover,the signified mainly embodies a synonymous harmony in the former,and a deviated harmony in the latter.The distinction between traditional metrical poetry and modern free poetry is not important from the perspective of Spatial Grammar,as they only differ in formal means.The spatial grammatical form has three branches: the harmony system at the signifier level,the harmony system at the signified level,and the whole harmony system of the signifier and the signified combined.