妊娠期母体叶酸水平与母儿结局的研究进展

Research Progress on Maternal Folic Acid Level and Pregnancy Outcomes

叶酸作为人体必需的B族水溶性维生素,在胚胎发育、人体生长、新陈代谢等过程中均发挥着重要作用。妊娠期母体叶酸的缺乏,可导致胎儿脊柱裂、脑脊膜膨出等神经管畸形,还会增加妊娠期高血压、早产、贫血等不良母儿结局风险,但叶酸补充过量同样可引发一些问题,如引发维生素B_(12)缺乏的神经表现。本文主要就叶酸的生理作用、评价方法、对母儿结局的影响以及关于叶酸补充的相关推荐等进行阐述。

Folic acid,as an essential B group water-soluble vitamin,plays an important role in embryo development,body growth and metabolism.Lack of folic acid in pregnant women can lead to neural tube malformations,such as spina bifida and encephalomeningocele,and adverse maternal outcomes,such as gestational hypertension,premature birth, and anemia in pregnant women and infants.Excessive folic acid supplementation can also cause problems,such as neurological manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency.In this paper,the physiological role of folic acid,evaluation methods,effects on maternal and infant outcomes,and related recommendations on folic acid supplementation were discussed.