滨海客家的文化特性与文化变迁——以深圳客家人为例

Cultural Characteristics and Cultural Changes of Coastal Hakka: A Case Study of Hakkain Shenzhen

历史上,客家人在不同时期迁入岭南,第四、第五次大迁徙形成的客家人散落在珠三角两岸的惠州、东莞、深圳、香港等江河、海陆交界处的地域,逐渐形成相对稳定的滨海客家聚落。近年来,随着城市化的发展,滨海客家人固有的文化正逐渐被地方文化,乃至全球化文化所同质化,客家村落的语言、习俗、观念、生活方式发生转变。同时,随着旅游业与文化产业的发展,滨海客家在"海丝"视阈下出现了文化再生产与文化消费,并强化了客家民系的身份认同,甚至某些非客家人也在新的文化情境中产生了与客家人共同的文化特质与认同感。同质化与异质化过程同时发生,滨海客家文化变迁与身份认同呈现有趣的观照。在此,以深圳客家人为案例,探讨滨海客家的文化特性,以及现代化进程中客家族群身份认同的转变,这对于客家特色文化的保护具有现实意义,同时也是滨海客家学术研究的有益补充。

Hakka moved into Lingnan district at different times.By the fourth and fifth major migrations a relatively stable Coastal Hakka settlement has formed,which scattered in the areas along the rivers and seas of Huizhou,Dongguan,Shenzhen,and Hong Kong of the Pearl River Delta.In recent years,with the development of urbanization,the inherent culture of the Coastal Hakka is gradually being homogenized by local culture and even global culture.The language,customs,ideas,and lifestyle of Hakka villages have changed.At the same time,with the development of tourism and cultural industries,there is a phenomenon of cultural reproduction and cultural consumption under the visual threshold of“Maritime Silk Road”,and has strengthened the Hakka identification.In the cultural context,even some non-Hakka people also had common cultural characteristics and identity with the Hakka.The process of homogenization and heterogeneity occurred at the same time,and the cultural changes and identity of Coastal Hakka culture present an interesting view.Taking Hakka in Shenzhen as a case,the paper discusses the cultural characteristics of the coastal Hakka and the changes of Hakka identification in the process of modernization.It is of great significance for the protection of Hakka’s distinctive cultures and it is also a useful complement to the Hakka academic research.