汉语国际教育视角下汉语人名避讳中的语言文化现象

The Phenomenon of Language and Culture in Chinese Name's Taboo in Case of Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages

文化教学是汉语国际教育的一个重要组成部分,而人名避讳是中国古代文化中的突出现象。从人名避讳的内容看,主要有国讳、家讳、圣人讳等。从避讳的方法看,语音上有同音、近音和更音等方式;词义上有同义、反义、类义、相关义的应用;文字上有改字法、缺笔法和空字法等。各民族由于价值观念、思维方式等方面的差异,导致了各自的人名避讳文化也略有不同,具体表现在人名避讳起源、对象、方式等方面。根据研究成果可从教材编写、课堂教学和教学方法等几个方面探讨汉语国际教育中有关人名避讳的文化教学。

Cultural teaching is an important part of TCSOL(Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other Languages),and the taboo is a prominent phenomenon in ancient Chinese culture.In terms of the contents of taboo,there are taboos of countries,families and sages;in terms of the methods of taboo,there are homophone,voice and speech sounding more nearly,and changes in voice as well as synonymy,antonyms and thesaurus in meanings.Besides,changes,lack of techniques,and empty words are common in taboo.Due to the differences in values and ways of thinking,China and the world are also slightly different in the culture of taboo.The specific manifestations include the origins,objects,and ways of the taboo.According to the research results,it is possible to explore the relevant cultural teaching of name avoidance in TCSOL from the aspects of textbook compilation,classroom teaching and teaching methods.