我国城市高等教育资源集聚水平及空间格局探析

An analysis of the agglomeration level and spatial arrangement of higher education resources in China′s cities

城市高等教育资源集聚水平的变化能较好地反映不同时期高等教育资源的流动。文章通过对我国288个地级及以上城市的高等教育资源集聚水平及空间分布特征进行探讨发现,我国高等教育资源呈多中心结构分布,主要可分为国家高等教育中心、国家高等教育次中心、区域高等教育中心、省域高等教育中心和地方高等教育中心五个等级;在样本期内,我国高等教育资源整体向西南、西北地区扩散,其中高等教育主体性资源主要向西南地区的省域及以上中心城市扩散,成果资源以华东地区为核心,向西南、西北地区的国家次中心城市扩散,品牌资源空间差异变化较小,路径依赖特征明显;此外,东北、华南、西南和西北地区高等教育资源集聚格局仍处于初级的中心城市极化阶段,要素的外溢效应不明显,一体化的高等教育资源集聚体系尚未形成,属于典型的"寡头型"集聚方式。

The change of agglomeration level of urban higher education resources could better reflect the trend of higher education resources in different periods.Through the discussion of the agglomeration level and spatial distribution characteristics of higher education resources in 288 cities in China,it finds that China′s higher education resources are distributed in a multi-center structure,which could be divided into five levels:the national center,the national sub-center,the regional center,the provincial center and the local center.During the sample period,China′s higher education resources spread to southwest and northwest areas as a whole.Subjective resources of higher education mainly spread to central cities at and above the provincial level in the southwest;productive resources take East China as the core,and spread to national sub-center cities in southwest and northwest areas;the spatial difference of brand resources is small,and the path dependence is obvious.In addition,the structure of higher education resources in northeast,south,southwest and northwest areas of China is still in the primary stage of central city polarization;the spillover effect of elements is not obvious, and the integrated higher education resource agglomeration system has not yet been formed,which belongs to the typical"oligopoly " agglomeration mode.