不同施肥组合方式对攀枝花烤烟经济效益的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Combinations on Economic Benefits of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Panzhihua

近年来烟农为控制生产成本,自行简化和改变烟区施肥技术的操作方式,致使施肥形式多样且成效不一。为验证烟农的施肥方式,并筛选出一套既能省工降本又可以保证收益的优化施肥组合方式,应用正交试验方法进行多点试验,研究了不同底肥施用方式、基追肥组合方式和复合肥用量对攀枝花植烟区烤烟经济效益的影响。结果表明,基肥的施用方式是影响成本的主效因子,基追肥组合方式次之,复合肥用量对成本的影响作用最小;其中"条施"、"525 kg/hm2复合肥用量"以及"基肥(复合肥)+提苗肥(120 kg/hm2追肥Ⅰ)+揭膜上厢肥(450 kg/hm2追肥Ⅱ)"的成本分别为三个因素中最低水平。但对于产值、净产值和投入产出比三项经济效益指标,基追肥组合方式成为影响效益指标的主效因子,其次为基肥的施用方式,复合肥用量的影响作用最小;其中"圈施"和"基肥(复合肥)+提苗肥(120 kg/hm2追肥Ⅰ)+揭膜上厢肥(450 kg/hm2追肥Ⅱ)"的经济效益表现最好。综合考虑,最优施肥组合方式为"圈施基肥(600 kg/hm2复合肥)+提苗肥(120 kg/hm2追肥Ⅰ)+揭膜上厢肥(450 kg/hm2追肥Ⅱ)"。在目前技术条件下,烟农自行调整和改变的施肥方式其经济效益不如"圈施基肥+提苗肥+揭膜上厢肥"的常规三段式施肥,烟区应继续按照现行施肥技术执行。

In recent years,in order to control production costs,tobacco growers have simplified and changed the operation mode of fertilization technology in tobacco fields,resulting in various forms of fertilization and different effects.In order to verify the fertilization mode of tobacco farmers,and to screen out a set of optimized fertilization combination which can save labor,reduce cost and also guarantee the income,the orthogonal test method was used to carry out multi point experiment.The effects of different fertilizer application methods,basic fertilizer combination mode and compound fertilizer amount on the economic benefit of flue cured tobacco in Panzhihua tobacco planting area were studied.The results showed that the application mode of basal fertilizer was the main effect factor of the cost,and the basic fertilizer combination mode was the second.The effect of compound fertilizer dosage on cost was the smallest,and the"strip","525 kg/hm^2 compound fertilizer dosage"and"base fertilizer(compound fertilizer)+lift fertilizer(120 kg/hm^2 chasing fertilizerⅠ)+uncovering top box fertilizer(450 kg/hm^2 recoveryⅡ).The cost is the lowest of three factors.But for the output value,net output value and input-output ratio,the basic fertilizer combination mode became the main effect factor of the effect index,followed by the application mode of base fertilizer,the effect of compound fertilizer dosage was the smallest,and the"circle application"and"base fertilizer(compound fertilizer)+lifting fertilizer(120 kg/hm^2 fertilizationⅠ)+uncovering box Fertilizer(450 kg/hm^2 top dressingⅡ)has the best economic benefit.In comprehensive consideration,the best combination method of fertilization was"ring application base fertilizer(600 kg/hm^2 compound fertilizer)+lifting fertilizer(120 kg/hm^2 fertilization I)+top box fertilizer(450 kg/hm^2 recovery II)".Under the present technical conditions,the economic benefit of the tobacco farmers'self adjustment and change of fertilization is not as good as the conventional three stage fertilization of"ring application base fertilizer+lifting fertilizer+uncovering box fertilizer",and the tobacco area should continue to be carried out according to the current fertilization technology.