影响奶牛泌乳性能的因素分析

Analysis of Factors Affecting Lactating Performance of Dairy Cow

[目的]分析影响奶牛泌乳性能的因素。[方法]通过陕西某奶牛场实地采样、测定,获得乳成分、体细胞、尿素氮等数据,同时,掌握产奶量、胎次及疫病防治等相关资料,进行综合分析。[结果]305天产奶量最高的是二胎牛,为7 837kg,泌乳高峰值日有1 014头牛(占比24.28%)在理想范围;平均乳脂率为4.40%,高于正常水平,平均乳蛋白率为3.20%,平均脂蛋比1.37,平均尿素氮为9.36mg/dL,整体偏低;平均体细胞数为60万/mL,高于理想值(<20万/mL);因乳房炎淘汰的牛占淘汰总数的65.08%。[结论]通过应用DHI技术、分群分阶段饲养、改进饲料营养及加强乳房炎防控等,提高奶牛的泌乳性能。

[Objective]Analysis of factors affecting lactating performance in dairy cows.[Methods]The data of milk ingredients,somatic cells and urea nitrogen were obtained through field sampling,sampling and determination.At the same time,the related data of milk production,birth order and prevention and cure of disease were mastered,and comprehensive analysis was carried out.[Results]The highest milk production was the first 1014 cows(24.28%)in the ideal range of 7535.2 kg.The average milk fat rate was 4.40%,higher than the normal level,the average milk protein rate was 3.20%,the average fat and egg ratio was 1.37,the average urea nitrogen was 9.36 mg/dl,the whole was low,and the average body cell number was 600 thousand/ml,higher than the ideal value(<200 thousand/ml),and 65.08%of the total eliminated cows due to mastitis.[Conclusion]The dairy cow’s lactation performance was improved by DHI technology,feeding in groups and stages,improving feed nutrition and strengthening prevention and control of mastitis.