高寒牧区娟姗牛与甘南牦牛杂交效果观察

Observation on crossbreeding effect between Jersey cows and Gannan yak in alpine pastoral area

[目的]为了提高甘南牦牛乳用性能,解决牦牛乳产量低、不能满足牧民群众生产生活需要的问题。[方法]进行了用娟珊冻精杂交改良甘南牦牛生产优质娟犏牛试验研究,取得了显著效果。[结果]表明:娟珊牛冻精授配甘南牦牛受胎率平均为57.48%,繁殖成活率平均为49.49%;繁育的娟犏牛公、母初生体重分别比同期牦牛提高52.81%、47.94%,12月龄公、母体重分别提高78.82%、70.88%,18月龄公、母牛体重分别提高54.54%、51.61%;娟犏母牛2.5岁产仔挤奶,初胎牛6~10月挤奶量为986.6kg,比当地黄犏牛和牦牛挤奶量分别提高120.19%和351.31%;娟犏牛乳蛋白质、乳脂肪、非脂乳固体分别为5.6%、7.3%、16.3%。[结论]娟姗牛与母牦牛的杂交后代娟犏牛犊耐粗饲,生长发育快,适应性强,性成熟早,娟犏母牛1.5岁可发情配种,比牦牛提前2年配种,2.5岁挤奶,产奶量高,乳品质优于当地黄犏牛乳,接近优质牦牛乳,是加工高端乳品的最好原料。

[Objective]To improve the milk performance of Gannan yak and solve the problem of low milk yield and inadequate production and living needs of herdsmen.[Method]The experiment of improving Gannan Yak with Juanshan frozen semen to produce high-quality Juanshan yak was carried out,and remarkable results were obtained.[Result]The average pregnancy rate of Gannan yak was 57.48%,and the average survival rate was 49.49%.Compared with the same period,the birth weight of the male and female of the breeding Jersey-yak crossbreeds increased by 52.81% and 47.94% respectively,the body weight of the 12-month-old Male and female of the Jersey-yak crossbreeds increased by 78.82% and 70.88%respectively,and the body weight of the 18-month-old male and female of the Jersey-yak crossbreeds increased by 54.54% and 51.61% respectively.Jersey-yak crossbreeds were milked at 2.5 years old,and the first-born cows were milked at 986.6 kg from June to October,120.19%and 351.31% higher than the local yellow calves and yaks,respectively;Juan calves milk protein,fat and non-fat milk solid were 5.6%,7.3% and 16.3% respectively.[Conclusion]Juanshan cow and yak crossbred offspring are crude-feeding tolerant,fast-growing,adaptable and early sexual maturity.crossbred offspring can breed estrus at 1.5 years of age,two years ahead of the yak,milking at 2.5 years of age,high milk yield,better milk quality than local yellow calf milk,close to high-quality yak milk,which is the most high-end dairy products processed.Good raw material.