畜禽粪便资源及其利用

Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Excrement Resources

[目的]对我国畜禽粪便的主要来源(猪、鸡、牛)、可开发数量进行了统计估算,[方法]分析了畜禽粪便对环境的危害、畜禽粪便的肥料化和无害化处理方式以及粪便臭气处理方式。[结果]结果表明,2007年我国畜禽粪便能源约12.7亿t实物量,8.84亿t可开发量,其中猪、鸡、牛粪分别占38.4%、9.1%、50.1%。然而,未经合理处理的畜禽粪便会污染空气、水体、土壤,并通过一定的渠道传播病菌,从而危害畜禽及人体健康。根据以上畜禽粪便资源的利用现状及存在的问题,对畜禽粪便资源的开发及利用进行探讨,[结论]提出了使用物理、化学、生物等方法处理粪便臭气,使用畜禽粪便堆肥化、饲料化及使用沼气工程等技术使畜禽粪便无害化和资源化,以期为其在粗饲料加工、秸杆还田、堆肥、沼气原料预处理、及畜禽粪便除臭等领域的应用提供理论依据。

[Objective]Statistical estimates on the main sources and exploitable quantities of Chinese livestock and poultry manure(pig,chicken,cattle)were made.[Method]The environmental hazards,fertilization and harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure,and the treatment of fecal odor were analyzed.[Result]According to results,in 2007,China’s livestock and poultry manure energy was about 1.27 billion tons of physical quantity and 884 million tons of developable amount,of which pig,chicken and cow dung accounted for 38.4%,9.1%and 50.1%,respectively.However,livestock manure that has not been properly disposed will pollute the air,water,soil,and spread germs through certain channels,thereby jeopardizing livestock and human health.Based on the above-mentioned utilization status and existing problems of livestock manure resources,the development and utilization of livestock manure resources were discussed.[Conclusion]The use of physical,chemical,biological and other methods to treat fecal odor,biogas engineering and other technologies have been proposed to make livestock and poultry manure harmless and resource.This paper hope to provide a theoretical basis for its application in roughage processing,straw returning,composting,biogas raw material pretreatment,and livestock manure deodorization.