差别电价的交叉补贴策略对产业结构调整的影响

The Impact of Cross-subsidization of Differential Power Prices on Industrial Structure Adjustment

无论是企业生产还是居民生活都离不开电力消费,因此抓住电价这个指挥棒,合理设计交叉补贴政策,将有利于推动供给侧结构性改革。针对中国差别电价与惩罚性电价改革,本文利用CGE模型对多种终端电价交叉补贴情境进行了模拟分析,研究结论和政策建议如下:第一,中国现行的差别电价交叉补贴策略,即以工商业用户补贴居民用户,适合经济新常态背景下改善居民福利、促进国内消费增长、推动产业结构转型升级、持续节能减排的要求,不宜简单模仿某些发达国家以居民用户补贴工商业用户的交叉补贴模式,尤其在社会保障与环境保护等其他公共政策配套没有跟上的条件下更是如此。第二,可以在差别电价的基础上进一步引入惩罚性电价,发挥其调整结构,优化布局的作用。第三,引入惩罚性电价可导致交叉补贴余额提升,于是可以利用这部分提升空间补贴服务业,这不仅能够促进服务业的发展,而且也有利于经济绩效的改善。

No matter enterprise production or resident life, it is impossible for us to be inseparable from electricity consumption. Therefore, grabbing the baton of the electricity price and design the cross-subsidy policy reasonably will help to promote structural reforms on the supply side. In terms of the reform in differential power pricing and punitive power prices in China, we use a CGE model to simulate the cross-subsidization of different kinds of terminal power prices. Our research indicates that, firstly, our current differential power pricing strategy which is to subsidize residents with industrial and commercial users, adapt the request to improve residential welfare, promote domestic consumption growth, upgrade and restrict industrial structure and conserve energy as well as reduce emission under the background of China's New Normal. It is no need to imitate the cross-subsidization policy in foreign countries simply, which use residential consumers to subsidize industrial and commercial users, especially in the context that our social security and environmental protection and other public policy are not matching. Secondly, introducing punitive power prices on the basis of differential power prices have an effect on restructuring structure and optimizing layout. Thirdly, the introduction of punitive power prices will bring about an increase in cross-subsidization balances, which can be used not only to promote the development of the service industry, but also to improve macro-economy performance.