从存在论的视角看命运共同体

On the Community of Common Destiny from the Perspective of Ontology

按照海德格尔在存在论中所使用的现象学方法,我们只有把日常世界悬置起来才能直面世界之为世界。当日常世界中的操劳出现问题的时候,这个世界会呈报出来;同样,当我们在日常生活中面临像公交车坠江那样的情况时,生活世界中的命运共同体就会呈报出来。这个呈报出来的命运共同体表明,共同体中的人无论是不是有罪过都必须共同承担责任。这种共同体在人类早期的宗教中表现出来。如果剔除其中的宗教特性,那么人和人之间命运与共、共同担责的社会性就表明了人的本质特征。然而在启蒙以来的市场经济体系中,这种社会性的本质被遮蔽了,我们沉沦在日常的争斗中,无法自觉意识到这种本质特性,只有当危机出现的时候,命运共同体才呈报出来。如果人有一种危机意识,那么命运共同体就会在日常生活中显露出来。

According to Heidegger's phenomenological method that he used in his ontology, only when the normal daily life has been epoched, could we face the world as world (weltlichkeit) directly. When problems arise from the workings (Besorge) of daily life, this world would loom large. Similarly, when we face the situation such as the bus running into the river in Chongqing, a community of common destiny in life world would prominently stand out. The community of common destiny which stands out here shows that men of the community must share their responsibilities, no matter whether he has done anything wrong or not. In primitive religion there is such a community. If we kick off the religious moment in that community, here stands out the essence of human being: sharing their responsibility and having common destiny. But in marketing economic system which has been established since the enlightenment, the social essence of human being has been covered, we all sink into struggles of daily life and could not be consciously aware of the social essence. Only when crises happen, would community of common destiny stand out. If man has crises awareness, then community of common destiny stand out in daily life.