Rasch模型在试卷质量分析中的应用——以小学科学六年级技术与工程素养评测试卷为例

Application of Rasch Model in Quality Analysis of Test Papers——Taking the Technical and Engineering Literacy Test Paper of Sixth Grade Science for Example

与传统测量模型相比,Rasch模型因其客观和等距的特点在试卷质量分析中独具优势。本文以南京市小学科学六年级技术与工程素养评测试卷的质量分析为例,从试卷整体质量检验、单维性检验、试卷难度与学生能力的匹配性检验、各题质量分析、题目拟合度和测量误差检验等方面介绍了Rasch模型在试卷质量分析中的应用,同时指出该评测试卷的信效度较高、题目区分度合理,绝大多数题目达到了测量预期。在具体应用中,测量者应依据实际情况选择合适的Rasch分析软件及Rasch模型对应的分析功能;在Rasch模型检测出试卷中的问题项目后,测量者应依据实际情况解释和处理这些问题项目。

Compared with the traditional measurement model,the Rasch model has unique advantages in quality analysis of the test paper because of its objective and equidistant characteristics. This paper takes the quality analysis of the sixth-grade Technical and Engineering literacy test paper in Nanjing primary schools as an example,introducing the application of Rasch model in quality analysis of test papers in terms of the overall quality test of the test paper,the one dimensional test,the matching test between the difficulty of the test paper and the student’s ability,the quality analysis of each question,the fitting degree of the questions,the error check and some other aspects. It also pointed out that the test paper have high reliability and validity,and its discrimination is reasonable,and most of the questions have reached the expectation of the measurement. In specific application,the measurer should select appropriate Rasch analysis software and the analysis function which is corresponding to the Rasch model,according to the actual situation. After the Rasch model detects the problemitems in the test paper,the measurer should interpret and deal with the problem items according to actual situation.