《老子》“独”观念探微

Study on the Concept of "Du" in Lao-tzu

"独"有"独自""单独"之义,具有描述性、个体性、区分或对照性等三个基本特征。《老子》的"独"观念主要分为道之"独立"与体道者之"我独"两个层面。基于逻辑上对宇宙本原的要求和天文学知识基础,《老子》提出了道之"独立",强调道的唯一性、绝对性、超越性,是形而上者而非现象世界中的任何一种事物。在诗意反讽的对比之下,"我独"呈现出一种超越流俗的状态,根本在于"食母",精神引领着自我的生命而进入道的世界。"我独"同时也是"道—我"式的古典"自我"观念,"自我"在其中挺立。《老子》的"独"观念体现着存在者的本真存在状态,即"自然"。

"Du" has the meaning of "alone", which has three basic characteristics: descriptive, individual, distinguishing or contrasting.The concept of "Du" in Lao-tzu is mainly divided into two aspects: the "Du Li" of Tao and the "Wo Du" of the person who owns the Tao. Because of the logical requirements for the universe’s primitives and the astronomical knowledge base, Lao-tzu puts forward the "Du Li" of Tao, emphasizing the uniqueness, absoluteness, and transcendence of Tao, which is metaphysical rather than anything in the world of phenomena. Under the contrast of poetic irony, "Wo Du" presents a state of transcending the custom, fundamentally lies in the "Shi Mu", spirit leads the life of the self and enters into the world of the Tao. "Wo Du" is also a classical "self" concept of "Tao-I" style, "Self" stands upright in it. The concept of "Du" in Lao-tzu embodies the true state of existence, which is "Zi Ran".