从救助到就业:发展型救助视角下城乡失业贫困人口的再就业影响研究

From Aid to Employment:A Study on the Effect of Reemployment on Unemployed and Poor People in Urban and Rural From the Perspective of Developmental Social Assistance

我国现行的以最低生活保障制度为基础的社会救助制度总体上是一种生存型救助制度,实践过程中救助与就业的关系问题成为讨论的重点。基于发展型救助的视角,利用教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目"完善社会救助制度研究"课题组2015年的调查数据,用六个二元logistic模型来探究福利供给和反福利依赖因素对劳动年龄范围内城乡失业贫困人口再就业情况的影响。结果显示,多重福利供给因素如领取低保年限、个人社会救助收入占比以及家庭社会救助收入占比等都对城乡失业贫困人口的再就业行为和意愿具有显著的负向影响。反福利依赖因素具有双重效应,一方面一些反福利依赖措施对城乡失业贫困人口的再就业行为和意愿起促进作用;另一方面,诸如政府是否介绍过工作、自己是否主动参加公益性服务等反福利依赖变量降低了城乡失业贫困人口的再就业行为和意愿,形成了新的"福利依赖"陷阱。基于以上结论,研究从发展型救助视角出发为社会救助发展中平衡救助与就业的关系提出建议和思考。

China's current social assistance system is generally a survival assistance system based on the subsistence security system,and the relationship between assistance and employment has become the focus of discussion in the process of practice.The article,based on the perspective of developmental social assistance,use the research survey data of the project"to perfect the social assistance system research"which is the ministry of education philosophy and social science major technological in 2015,and use the six binary logistic model to explore the effect of welfare supply and welfare dependency factors to the reemployment of the unemployed and poor people in urban and rural which are in the working age range.The results show that multiple welfare supply factors,such as the number of years of subsistence allowance,the proportion of individual income from social assistance and the proportion of family income from social assistance,have significant negative effects on the reemployment behavior and willingness of the unemployed and poor people in urban and rural.The anti-welfare dependency factors have double effects.On the one hand,some anti-welfare dependency measures can promote the reemployment behavior and willingness of he unemployed and poor people in urban and rural.On the other hand,anti-welfare dependency variables,such as whether the government has introduced jobs and whether it takes the initiative to participate in public welfare services,reduce the reemployment behavior and willingness of he unemployed and poor people in urban and rural,forming a new"welfare dependency"trap.Based on the above conclusions,this paper puts forward Suggestions and thoughts on balancing assistance and employment in social assistance development from the perspective of developmental social assistance.