20世纪中国民间歌谣搜集的实践历程

The Search and Collection of Chinese Folk Songs in Twentieth Century

歌谣学的滥觞期,学术工作是将民间歌唱活动文本化,即把歌唱活动从生活中脱离出来,抽提出唱词编辑成歌谣记录文本。早期的歌谣研究以记录文本为中心,发掘歌谣蕴含的文化要素和历史积淀。上世纪50年代以后,歌谣学的视野有所扩展,歌谣传唱的生存环境得到关注,但并没有从文本中心主义的窠臼中摆脱出来。直到90年代,回归歌谣生活本原成为明确的学术方向,田野的深入实践提供了富有说服力的个案经验。延续到本世纪,强调歌唱所形成的生活环境所凸现出来的一种文化建构力量,歌谣置于生活的深层语境中获得了富有张力的阐释。

In the beginning of ballads studies, the academic work is to textualize the singing activities of ballads , that is, to separate the singing activities from life, and record the lyrics text. The early ballads research focused on recording text and exploring the cultural elements and historical accumulation of the songs. After the 1950s, the research had expanded its content, and the living environment of singing had got attention, but it had not been freed from the shackles of textualism. Until the 1990s, returning to originated context of ballads had been a clear academic direction, and the in-depth field survey provided a convincing case. Till this century, it emphasizes the cultural construction power highlighted by the living environment formed by singing, and the songs are placed in the deep context of life to obtain a flexible interpretation.