大辽河口红狼牙■虎鱼生物学初步研究

Biology of Red Eelgoby Odontamblyopus rubicundus from Daliao River Estuary

2015年和2016年5—9月间,用底层定置网具在大辽河口水域采集233尾红狼牙■虎鱼Odontamblyopus rubicundus,活体测量全长、体质量后,取一侧矢耳石鉴定年龄,取消化道等研究红狼牙■虎鱼的生物学。结果表明,红狼牙■虎鱼由1～4龄组成,2^+～3^+龄个体占90.56%;全长6.47～30.70 cm,平均为(19.25±3.32)cm,体质量2.24～41.27g,平均为(17.67±5.67)g;全长与体质量的关系式W=0.0389L2.0654(R2=0.97061);渐近全长L∞为84.30cm,渐近体质量W∞为369.45g,体质量生长的拐点在7.81龄,所对应的体长和体质量分别为43.45cm和50.60g。在红狼牙■虎鱼消化道中共发现8种饵料生物,中国毛虾Acetes chinensis出现的频次最高,为95.45%,相对重要性指标(IRI%)为7 782.85%;其次为棱鳀Thrissa sp.(IRI%=1 483.53%)和纹缟虎鱼Tridentiger trigonocephalus (IRI%=612.98%)。红狼牙■虎鱼摄食率较高为79.17%,平均饱满指数变化较大(0.01～7.65),Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H'变化在0～1.794之间,Pielou均匀度指数J'在0～1.1145之间。

Biological characters were studied in 233 samples of red eelgoby Odontamblyopus rubicundus collected from Daliao River estuary from May to September of 2015 and 2016 by a trap via measuring body length, body weight, and sagittal otolith for age identification. It was found the red eelgoby in Daliao River estuary was comprised of one to four years old individuals, with dominant ages of 2^+to 3^+years old accounting for 90.56%, total length being ranged from 6.47 cm to 30.70 cm, average value of(19.25 ± 3.32) cm;body weigh being varied from 2.24 g to 41.27 g, the average of(17.67 ± 5.67) g. The relationship between total length and body weight was expressed as W=0.0389 L2.0654(R2= 0.97061), with asymptotic total length L∞of 84.30 cm and body weight W∞of 369.45 g,and the inflection point at 7.81 age for body weight, corresponding to a body length of 43.45 cm and body weightof 50.60 g. Eight kinds of food items were observed in the digestive tract of red eelgoby, Acetes chinensis being the most important food, with feeding frequency of 95.45%, and relative importance index(IRI) of 7 782.85%; followed by anchovy Thrissa sp.(IRI%=1 483.53%) and chameleon goby Tridentiger trigonocephalus(IRI%=612.98%). The red eelgoby had high food intake rate of 79.17%, and great variaions in average fullness index(0.01 ~ 7.65), in Shannon-Weiner diversity index H’(0 ~ 1.794), and in Pielou evenness index J’(0 ~1.1145).