无线数能一体化通信网络及其数能联合接入控制协议设计

Wireless data and energy integrated communication network and protocol design in the medium access control layer

在物联网时代,越来越多的小的传感执行设备大量逐渐涌现,而且这些设备往往是电池供电.因此,除了日益增长的数据通信需求之外,所有设备的能量需求也成为了限制万物互联的一大瓶颈.目前已经有很多无线传能技术,但往往是基于感应技术,传能距离在几十厘米的范围内,无法满足众多的物联应用场景.无线射频能量传输凭借其相对而言的长距离特性以及便捷性和可控性成为了缓解该问题的一项关键技术.借助于已经存在的用于数据通信的射频设施(如基站或是室内的无线宽带路由器等)进行无线传能具有极大的应用价值;同时利用电磁波的特性,数据和能量可以同时搭载在电磁波上进行传输,由此带来了本文首先要介绍的无线数能同传和数能一体化通信网络DEIN(Data and Energy Integrated communication Networks)的概念.在介绍DEIN整体架构的基础上,本文提出了一种基于无线数能同传的MAC协议设计方案,以传统的载波侦听多址协议/碰撞避免(CSMA/CA)为基础,引入主动能量请求机制,以同时满足用户设备的数据和能量需求.仿真结果对协议的性能进行验证.

In the era of Internet of Things(IoT),massive micro user devices are emerging rapidly,which are always powered by batteries.Therefore,except for the increasing data requirement,the energy requirement of all devices is becoming another bottleneck to constrain the connection of the world.There are already some existing works considering wireless power transfer,while most of them are based on the sensing technology.However,they are not suitable for the IoT scenarios with massive devices,since the range of wireless power transfer cannot exceed one meter.Hence,radio frequency(RF)energy transfer can be relied upon to tackle with this problem due to its convenience and controllability.With the aid of the existing RF communication facilities,i.e.base stations or indoor routers for wireless local access network(WLAN),it's of great value for us to adopt the technology of RF energy transfer.By leveraging the characteristics of electromagnetic wave,data and energy can be simultaneous transferred on this carrier,which triggers the concept of data and energy integrated communication networks(DEINs).In this paper,a medium access control(MAC)protocol is proposed based on the fundamental architecture of DEINs.By introducing initiatively energy requesting into the classic carrier sensing multiple access/collision avoidance(CSMA/CA)protocol,both the data and energy requirement of user devices are satisfied.At last,simulation results show the proposed MAC protocol can achieve anideal performance in the scenario of passive network.