山地城镇化的困境与出路:以云南省大理州为例

Predicament and Solution of Urbanization in Mountainous Regions:A Case Study of Dali Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province,China

山地丘陵地区是影响全国现代化整体进程的关键区域。随着西部大开发战略深入实施,经济相对薄弱的山区快速发展,但面临着资源环境与发展之间的矛盾日益突出。如何突破已有区位环境条件的束缚,寻找适应山地复杂多样地理环境,创造新的发展路径是我国未来区域可持续发展的重大问题。为探究资源环境对山地城镇化的影响,选取高原山地地貌、城乡发展迅速的大理州为研究对象,从综合城镇化角度分析大理州城镇化发展特征。结果表明:大理州处于城镇化加速发展阶段,综合城镇化率不到40%,低于云南省和全国平均水平,存在经济发展滞后、空间格局不均衡、综合服务能力不足等特征。"城镇上山、农民进城"是土地利用方式的重大转变,也是城镇化发展模式的重大变革,具有发展潜力。但面临着理论指导不足、开发利用成本高、生态保护和防灾减灾任务重等主要困境。大理州要从空间格局、产业支撑、承载能力和体制机制四个方面优化发展路径,形成新的动力机制破解困局,为西部欠发达山区城镇化发展和生态文明建设提供新思路。

Mountainous and hilly regions are the key areas that affect the overall process of modernization in China.With the in-depth implementation of the Western Development Campaign,mountainous regions with relatively weak economy are developing rapidly,but the conflict between resources,environment and development is increasingly severe.How to break through the constraints of the existing regional environmental conditions,to find ways to adapt to the complex and diverse geographical environment of mountainous regions,and to create a new development path is a major issue for China's regional sustainable development.In order to explore the impact of resources and environment on mountain urbanization,Dali Autonomous Prefecture(abbreviated as Dali),with concerns to its mountainous topography and rapid development,was selected as our research object to analyze its urbanization characteristics from the perspective of comprehensive urbanization.The results show that Dali is in the stage of accelerating urbanization,and the rate of comprehensive urbanization is less than 40%,lower than the average level of Yunnan Province as well as the national average.It has the characteristics of economic development lagging,uneven spatial pattern and insufficient comprehensive service capacity.“Cities and towns up to mountain and farmers into city”is the major change in land use pattern for Dali,and also the change in the development model of urbanization and it has great potential for further development.However,Dali faces with difficulties such as insufficient theoretical guidance,high development and utilization costs,and heavy ecological protection and disaster mitigation tasks.Dali should optimize its development path from four aspects:spatial pattern,industrial support,carrying capacity and institutional innovation to form a new drive to solve the current predicament and to provide new ideas for urbanization development and ecological civilization construction in western underdeveloped mountainous regions.