青藏高原“一江两河”地区农牧民家庭生计脆弱性评估

Household-level Livelihood Vulnerability Assessment in the YNL River Region of the Tibetan Plateau,China

家庭生计脆弱性评估有利于深入理解脆弱人群的特征,为政府制定气候变化适应策略和农牧民脱贫提供科学依据。本文利用西藏"一江两河"地区188户调研数据,基于可持续生计框架,在"风险-生计资产-适应能力"维度上构建农牧民家庭生计脆弱性指标体系,采用K-均值聚类方法对家庭分类并比较其生计脆弱性差异。结果表明:(1)高脆弱性家庭占比43. 09%,其整体表现为风险最高,生计资产和适应能力最低;(2)与低脆弱性家庭相比,高脆弱性家庭的特点主要是自然资源依赖度更高、受极端气象灾害影响较大、生计资产缺乏、生计多样化程度不高、资金补贴不足等。本文从积极应对自然灾害、提高农牧民教育水平和促进生计多样化等方面提出政策建议。

Although numerous studies concerned about the livelihood vulnerability to climate change at district or community level,few researches on how to precisely identify the vulnerable population have been done.A household-level assessment of livelihood vulnerability contributes to a deeper understanding of the characteristics of vulnerable population,enlightening the policymaker to develop climate change adaptation strategies and poverty alleviation policies for farmers and herders.In this study,188 households were investigated along the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Nyangqu River and the Lhasa River Region(the YNL river region)in the Tibetan Plateau.Followed by a framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and an approach of evaluation on“risk-livelihood assetadaptive capacity”,a household-level livelihood vulnerability indicator system was introduced and accordingly the sampled households were classified into two categories(i.e.,the highly and the lowly vulnerable households)using K-means clustering.The results showed that:(1)The highly vulnerable households accounted for 43.09%of all involved households,which featured in a higher level of risk,but a lower level of livelihood assets and adaptive capacity as compared with those of the lowly vulnerable households.(2)Compared to the lowly vulnerable households,the distinguishing feature of the highly vulnerable households were those,such as highly subjected to natural resources,more susceptible to extreme climate disasters,poor livelihood diversification,and insufficient government subsidies.The study suggests that the government should actively take actions to control natural disasters,to improve educational level and to promote livelihood diversification,which would help farmers and herders improve their adaptive capacity and reduce livelihood vulnerability.