诉求自然责任可以证成政治正当性吗?

Can the Resort to Natural Duties Justify Political Legitimacy?

在证成政治正当性时,很多研究者直接诉诸由国家提供和保护的重要利益。我们可把这种思路称作"政治正当性的利益进路"。利益进路面临的一个很大的问题是,它与人们极为珍视的个人自主性原则相悖。一些人因此放弃了利益进路,另一些人则试图在该进路的基础上引入新的证成性因素,以期这种结合能够确立政治正当性。学者们引入的新的证成因素是人们担负的自然责任。韦尔曼诉求的是济难救厄的自然责任,而布坎南利用的是正义的自然责任。引入自然责任的确可以节制个人的自主性,但却面临着多重问题,仍不足以为政治正当性打开通道。

Some scholars resort to the many important benefits provided and guaranteed by states to justify its legitimacy.This can be called the benefit approach.This approach faces a big problem,which originates from its conflict with the highly prized principle of personal autonomy.Because of this,some people abandon this approach,but others try to introduce a new justificatory element into this approach,hoping that this combination can establish political legitimacy.This new element is the natural duties we owed to each other.Wellman appeals to the duty of Samaritanism,and Buchanan utilizes the duty of justice.Introducing natural duties surely can limit the sphere and degree of personal autonomy,but this new approach faces many problems,which make it insufficient to ground political legitimacy.