摘要
The appellation to call a girl in Qingdao dialect is“da man‐er”(大嫚儿),which is supposed to derive from German word“Damen”phonetically,according to:(1)remarkable similarities in meaning,pronunciation,and consistencies in commendatory or derogatory senses;(2)different preferences for people in different ages;and(3)the insertability of modifiers(adjectives or nouns)for“xiao man‐er”(小嫚儿)and the non‐insertability for“da man‐er”(大嫚儿).Therefore,nearly 100 years during the changing processes,“da man‐er”(大嫚儿)has a series of derivations commonly referring to the appellations of“girl”,such as“man‐er”(嫚儿),“man gu zi”(嫚姑子),“xiao man‐er”(小嫚儿)and even the formation of“xiao(小)+adj/n+man‐er”(嫚儿).
