高校学科专业动态调整:模式、困境与整合改进

The dynamic adjustment of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities:models,problems and integration improvement

按照"三角协调模型"的理论框架,学科专业动态调整可归纳为行政干预、市场调节和学术自治三种不同模式。实践运行中,这三种模式常常是复杂交织、密切联系的矛盾综合体,表现出某种程度的局限性。改革开放四十年来,我国高校学科专业动态调整机制日趋完善、结构布局日趋合理,在不同时期呈现出不同的模式特征,但由于行政干预过度、市场调节失灵和学术自治缺位导致诸多共生性问题始终伴随其中。解决此类问题,需以整合思维重构政府、市场和高校在学科专业动态调整中的关系生态,优化改进各方主体职责权限,动态调整技术手段和决策依据的指标体系,继而使得各方主体都能够基于自身的不同利益诉求参与到调整的过程之中。

According to the theoretical framework of "triangle coordination model",dynamic adjustment of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities could be summarized as three different models of administrative intervention,market regulation and academic autonomy,of which each has its own advantages and disadvantages.Actually,these three models are often linked together and intertwined complexly,showing a certain degree of limitations.In the past 40 years since the reform and opening-up,the dynamic adjustment mechanism of disciplines and majors in colleges and universities in China has been becoming more and more reasonable and showing different pattern features in different periods.However,due to excessive administrative interference,market regulation failure and absence of academic autonomy,there are still many common problems in it.To solve these problems,we need to reconstruct the relationship ecology of the government,market and university in the dynamic adjustment of disciplines and majors,optimize and improve the responsibility and authority of all parties,and make a dynamic adjustment of the index system of technical means and decision bases,ensuring that all parties could participate in the adjustment process based on their own different interests.