“诗”“词”“曲”并称视域下的散曲体格辨正

Correct Interpretation on Sanqu Style from the Perspective of the Same Term for “Poetry”,“Ci” and “Qu”

由于今日语境的改变,"唐诗""宋词""元曲"及"诗""词""曲"的并称,偏离前人并王国维所论文体流变及文学现象的意涵,而偏向于从三者的相同处理解;这一并称视域消解了元曲的体格而变为子名散曲一体,并与诗词相似而成为广义的抒情之"诗"。事实上术语的并称必然有着异和同的辨证,只有反观而比较三者之异,才能见出元散曲体格的实情:元散曲不当归属于"抒情文学"或"新诗体",而以体制之句式、节奏、用韵昭示了它受杂剧影响的故事化倾向,区别于诗词形式限定的抒情倾向;以语言的尚俗"本色"论追求受众的"耸观""耸听",区别于诗道高雅和词的文人雅化;以审美的情事"激变"求得"机趣"应和于"耸观""耸听"的故事化倾向,区别于诗词以景抒情追求含蓄蕴藉的审美意境。

Due to the change of today's context,"Tang Poetry","Song Ci","Yuanqu" and "Poetry" share the same term with “poetry”“Ci” and “Qu”,which deviates from the connotation of the stylistic changes and literary phenomena discussed by Wang Guowei and other predecessors to the interpretation of the similarities of three of them.The same term of the three dispels the style of Yuanqu into a sub-name Sanqu,and integrates it with poetry to become the “lyric poems” in a broad sense.In fact,there must be dialectics between similarities and differences in terms of terminology.Only by comparing the differences among the three can we see the real style of Yuan Sanqu: Yuan Sanqu should not be classified as "lyric literature" or "new poetry style",instead,it should show its storytelling tendency influenced by Zaju with sentence pattern,rhythm and rhyme of the system,which is different from the lyricism limited by poetry and ci;pursuing audience's "sensation" and "sensationalism" with the vulgar "nature" theory of language,which is different from the elegance of poetry and the elegance of literati in “CI” poetry;seeking "wit" with "dramatic" and "sensational" storytelling tendencies is in agreement with the storytelling tendency of "sensation" and "sensationalism",different from the pursuit of implied aesthetic conception by lyricism of scenery in poetry.