缘事诗学与中国古代挽诗创作初探

Analysis on Event-orientation and the Creation of Ancient Chinese Elegy

从中国诗学发展史看,有"事"之诗学,亦有"情"之诗学,中国文化抑事扬情在文学理论中形成了"缘情说",但"诗缘情"的过度阐释使"诗缘事"的诗歌创作观念被严重遮蔽。挽诗是人们对死者进行追念、哀悼以表悲情的诗歌创作,由于"情"的牵引,一般认为,挽诗的创作与"诗缘情"紧密相关。然而,人们并未发现"情"只有在"事"的观照下才能合情合理,挽诗"悲情"的抒发亦是在"事"的基础上衍生。因此,缘事而发是挽诗创作遵守的原则,挽诗的创作方法主要体现为托事于物、用事、事对等。

From the perspective of the development history of ancient Chinese literary theories,there are poetics of“event”and poetics of“emotion”.Chinese culture suppresses“events”and raises“feelings”,so it has formed“emotion-reasoning”in literary theory.However,the excessive interpretation of“emotion-reasoning”has seriously obscured the concept of poetry creation of“event-reasoning”.Elegy is a kind of poetic that expressing the mourn and remember for the dead people.As a result of the emotion,people generally think that the creation of elegy is more related to the“emotion-reasoning”.However,people have not found that“emotion”can only be justified under the consideration of“event”.Moreover,expressing sadness of elegy is derived from the“event”.Therefore,elegy writing should obey the principles of event-orientation.The creative methods of elegy is mainly embodied in“holding event to the object”and eventutilizing and dualthing quotation.