中国吉祥文化图案隐喻研究——以“胜”为例

A Study on the Symbolic Meaning of Chinese Lucky Patterns: Taking "Sheng" as an Example

中国吉祥文化图案隐喻了丰富而细腻的内涵。"胜"作为吉祥文化装饰纹样,其原型源于《山海经》对西王母"蓬发戴胜"的描述。汉代以来,有众多文献对西王母戴胜作了记载,并对"胜"进行各种阐释,"胜"依赖于西王母神—人格功能,成为吉祥寓意的文化图案符号之源。但西王母神—人格在不同时期又附会了不同内涵的功能,"胜"也随西王母功能的附会而演变,并隐喻了不同的吉祥寓意。中国吉祥文化图案"胜",如"玉胜""华胜""人胜""方胜"等,隐喻了非常丰富的内容,或者说,"隐喻"是中国吉祥文化图案的基本特征。

A traditional Chinese lucky pattern, "sheng" originated from the description of Xiwangmu in Shanhaijing. Since the Han Dynasty, there have been many literatures recording the sheng Xiwangmu wears, and giving explanations for it. Xiwangmu is a god-human, therefore sheng became a lucky pattern; yet the function of Xiwangmu changed over time, and thus changed the symbolic meanings of sheng. The lucky pattern sheng, including yusheng, huasheng, rensheng, and fangsheng, has a variety of meanings, revealing that metaphor is one of the basic characteristics of Chinese lucky patterns.