我国乡村振兴面临的农村劳动力断代危机与解决的出路

Labor Crisis and Solution in the Revival of Rural China

充足数量和较高素质的农村劳动力是乡村振兴的根本保障。我国当前正面临着三个"断代"问题:生产领域一线劳动力、基层农技人员和经济管理人员严重短缺。三个"断代"形成的原因有农业比较效益低、农田劳动强度大、农业风险大、农民社会地位低、农民精神文化生活相对贫乏等。破解三个"断代"的难题,应加快培养新型职业农民;改革完善农技推广体制;加速土地流转,转变农业发展模式;大力促进农民收入持续增加;创新农业保险机制,增加农业保险品种。

Enough high-quality labor is the guarantee for rural revival,but we are facing a severe shortage of rural labor,agricultural technicians and managers-the three “generational losses”,which resulted from the relatively low benefit from agriculture,the intensity of farm work,the high risk of farming,the farmers' low status and the want of farmers' cultural and spiritual life.To solve the problems,we need to quicken the training of new professional farmers,reform and improve the dissemination system of agricultural technology,accelerate land transfer to change to mode of agricultural development,help farmers increase their income,and increase the number of agricultural insurances to renovate the agricultural insurance system.