叶果比对‘瓦里短枝’苹果叶片生理特性和果实品质的影响

Effects leaf-fruit ratio on physiological characteristics and fruit quality of ‘Vallee Spur'

【目的】筛选适宜‘瓦里短枝’苹果树体生长和提高果实品质形成的叶果比.【方法】选取生长良好、长势一致的13年龄的‘瓦里短枝’苹果植株,结果枝叶果比设置范围为10∶1～60∶1,并对叶片光合特性、生理生化指标以及果实品质等指标进行测定与分析.【结果】叶果比显著影响叶片光合特性、生理特性和果实品质.随着叶果比的增大,P_n(净光合速率)、CE (羧化效率)、AMS、SS、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和VC含量均呈现先增后减的变化趋势;其中T_5的CE,T_5～T_7的单果质量,T_5～T_6的可溶性糖,T_6～T_7的VC含量和可溶性固形物均高于其他处理,T_5的CE为0.07mol/(m2·s),T_5～T_7的单果质量分别为263.62,283.93,290.03g,T_5～T_6的可溶性糖分别为11.66%和12.25%,T_5～T_7的果实可滴定酸含量显著低于其他处理,分别为0.30%、0.28%和0.27%.【结论】叶果比为30∶1～40∶1时,有利于叶片光合物质积累和果实品质的形成.

【Objective】This study was conducted to screen out the suitable leaf-fruit ratio of‘Vallee Spur’for tree growth and fruit quality.【Method】The 13-year-old‘Vallee Spur’apple trees with healthy growth status were selected and the range of leaf-fruit ratio of fruiting branches were set as 10:1 to 60:1(11 treatments named from T1 to T11).The photosynthetic characteristics,physiological and biochemical indexes of leaf and fruit quality were measured and analyzed.【Result】Leaf-fruit ratio showed a significant impact on the photosynthetic and physiological characteristics of leaf and fruit quality.Pn(net photosynthetic rate),CE(carboxylation efficiency),AMS,SS,single fruit weight,soluble solids,soluble sugar and VC content increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of leaf-fruit ratio.The CE of T5,single fruit weight of T5 to T7,soluble sugar content of T5 to T6,soluble solids and VC content of T6 to T7 were higher than other treatments.The CE of T5 was 0.07 mol/(m^2·s),the single fruit weight of T5 to T7 were 263.62 g,283.93 g and 290.03 g respectively,and the soluble sugar contents of T5 to T6 were 66%and 12.25%respectively;The fruit titratable acid contents of T5 to T7 were 0.30%,0.28%and 27%respectively,which were significantly lower than other treatments.【Conclusion】Leaf-fruit ratio of T5 to T7 was the best for the light energy utilization and fruit quality.