社区养老服务对老年人生活满意度的影响——基于健康水平与闲暇活动的中介效应分析

The Influence of Community Endowment Service on Life Satisfaction of the Elderly——A Mediating Effect Analysis Based on Physical Health and Leisure Activity

基于2014年中国老年人长寿影响因素调查(CLHLS)数据,运用多元线性回归与有序Logit模型研究了社区养老服务供给对老年人生活满意度的影响,并通过引入健康水平与闲暇活动作为中介变量,探讨了其影响机制。研究发现:第一,社区养老服务的两个维度:基本生活支持和扩展生活支持均对老年人生活满意度具有正向影响效应,且基本生活支持的积极影响更加明显。第二,异质性分析结果显示,社区养老服务更多发挥的是"锦上添花"的效果,即对自身状况较好的老年人起到的正向影响更大。基本生活支持对女性、高龄、无配偶、农村地区老年人生活满意度的正面作用更为明显;而扩展生活支持则更能令男性、中低龄以及有配偶的老年人生活满意度提高。第三,影响机制分析结果表明,健康水平发挥了更大的中介作用。基本生活支持通过影响健康水平和闲暇活动间接影响老年人生活满意度;而扩展生活支持主要通过影响闲暇活动参与间接影响老年人生活满意度。

Based on the data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2014,this paper uses multiple linear regression and ordinal logistic regression to investigate the influence of community endowment service on life satisfaction of the elderly,and discusses the influence mechanism by introducing health condition and leisure activity as mediating variables.The research has the following three findings.First,both of the two dimensions of community endowment service,namely basic life support and extended life support,have a positive influence on life satisfaction of old people,while that of basic life support is more obvious.Second,the heterogeneity test results show that the role of community endowment service is to a large extent “adding brilliance to present splendor”;that is to say,the positive effect is greater for old people who think relatively highly of life.The positive influence of basic life support on life satisfaction is more obvious for female,older,unmarried and rural elderly,while extended life support plays a larger part in the improvement of life satisfaction of male,less elderly and married old people.Third,the results of influence mechanism analysis show that basic life support exerts an indirect influence on life satisfaction of the elderly by affecting their health condition and leisure activity,while that of extended life support is mainly realized by affecting their leisure activity.Generally,the mediating effect of health condition is greater.