越南阮朝初期“京—城”政区体制的内涵与消亡(1802—1832)

Implications and extinction of the “Kinh-Thanh” administrative system of the early Nguyen dynasty(1802—1832)

富春京畿区和北城、嘉定城,共同构成了越南阮朝初期的政区区块结构制式。京畿区的设置是为了增强阮朝的中央统治能力,二城的设置则是为了加深对南北两大地区的控制。从地理平面来看,"城"属之地往往为南北两圻的中心地带;从政区层级来看,"城"乃统属数镇之地的跨高层政区,为阮朝前期地方政区的最高层级。在阮朝建立之初,"城"的设置具有代镇地方和政治缓冲区的特点,但随着时间的推移,其弊端日益暴露,明命时期分期予以废除。京、城的废止与省的建立,标志着阮朝"京—城"政治地理体制的消亡。

Phu xuan district,Bac thanh and Gia dinh thanh constituted the pattern of the administrative divisions of the early Nguyen dynasty,of which the first aimed to strengthen the ruling power of the central government of the Nguyen dynasty while the other two aimed to strengthen the control of the northern area and the southern area.Judging from the geographical terrain,"Thanh"was usually the center of the northern area and the southern area.Judging from the administrative hierarchy,"Thanh"was on the top among the local governments in the early Nguyen dynasty,and governed several towns.The establishment of"Thanh"had two aims,that is,one held the power of governing the local regions;the other played the role as a political buffer.However,with the passage of time,its defects were gradually exposed.It was finally abolished during the period of Minh Mang.The abolition of"Kinh-Thanh"and the establishment of the provincial system marked the extinction of"Kinh-Thanh"political-geographical system of the Nguyen dynasty.