基于所有权性质的养老机构特征研究——来自2016年全国养老机构的调查

Study on the characteristics of nursing institution for the aged based on ownership nature——The investigation from nationwide nursing institution for the aged in 2016

基于中国社会科学院经济研究所课题组2016年养老机构调查数据,对我国不同所有权养老机构在投资建设、服务提供和运营状况方面的特征进行分析。研究发现:在投资建设上,半数以上的民办营利性机构和民办非营利性机构采用租赁房屋的方式提供养老服务,且土地使用性质更为多元化;在服务提供上,民办机构做了更多的居家服务延伸,且医疗服务的可得性更高,但当前的养老服务收费水平高于老年人的支付能力;从全国的平均水平来看,民办非营利性机构、民办营利性机构、公办公营机构和公办民营机构不能自理老人月收费水平分别为2636.1元、3360.7元、2197.1元和2808.5元,高于全国平均养老金水平;在运营状况上,养老机构空床率接近40%,而人员支出已成为养老机构成本支出的重要部分。基于此,最后提出两点政策建议。

This paper is based on investigation data of“2016 nursing institution for the aged investigation data”by research group of Economic Institute of CASS,analyze investment construction,service provision and operational status of different ownership nursing institutes.It is found that in terms of investment construction,more than in half of private profit organizations and private non-profit organizations use rental housing to provide pension services,and the land use situation is more diversified.In terms of service provision,private institutions have made more home service extension and higher availability of medical services,but current nursing service charge level is higher than the payment capacity of the elderly.From the national average level,the monthly fees for the elderly who cannot take care of themselves in private non-profit organizations,private for-profit organizations,public and public private organizations are 2636.1,3360.7,2197.1 and 2808.5 Yuan respectively,which are higher than the national average pension level.In terms of operational status,the rate of empty beds in nursing institution is close to 40%,and personnel expenditure has become an important part of the cost expenditure of nursing institution.Based on this,tow policy suggestions are put forward.