瞿秋白与马克思主义文艺理论的中国化探索

Qu Qiubai and the Sinization of Marxist Artistic Theories

作为中国早期重要的马克思主义文艺理论经典的传播者和宣传家,瞿秋白的马克思主义文艺见解及其具体的文艺批评实践不仅对五四后期的左翼新文艺产生了积极影响,而且也在如何把马克思主义文艺理论与中国革命文学的具体实践结合起来方面为后世树立了可资借鉴的轨范。从其早期的俄乡心程中,可以看到他对文学的作用有着"清醒的现实主义"认识;他关于文艺大众化的理论畅想,既有对新大众语言的原型想象,也有对普洛大众文学之现实与未来的宏观剖析,更有对中国文学出路的积极探讨;他对马列主义文艺原典的阐释与发扬,既有"直取心肝"的准确,也有因激进而带来的误读;他以革命现实主义为立场的文艺批评实践因鲜明的时代性、浓郁的战斗性和高度的针对性而显现了鲜明的"政论文"特征。

As one of the early communicators and promoters of the Marxist artistic theoretical classics in the Chinese history,Qu Qiubai's understanding of Marxist theory and the concrete literary critical practice not only has a positive influence on the"Left-Wing"new art in the post-May Fourth Movement period,but also has provided a referential model for the later generations in combining Marxist artistic theories with the concrete practice of China's revolutionary literature.From his early experience in Russia,we can notice that he has a clear and practical understanding of the function of literature.His theoretical imagination of the popularization of art not only contains the imagination of the new popular language,but also a macro-analysis of the present and future of the popular literature,and it also has a positive probe into the outlet of the Chinese literature.His explanation and promotion of Marxist classics,not only contains accuracy but also misreadings due to progressiveness.His practice of literary critics based on the position of revolutionary realism boasts a remarkable characteristics of political essay due to its strong modernity,militancy and pertinency.