南宋战时中央统军体制的形成及其运行机制试探

A Study on the Formation and Operation Mechanism of the Wartime Central Military System in the Southern Song Dynasty

从中国古代战时中央军制的演变来看,南宋朝廷逐渐形成了较为固定、完善的战时中央统军体制。这一体制以都督(视)府为主导,体现了中央派出军政机构的常态化。一方面,南宋战时中央统军体制是在军事实践中逐渐形成的,从多种形式并存到都督(视)府为主导,历经北宋末年到南宋高、孝之际三十余年的探索。另一方面,南宋处于帝制后期中央强化对战时军政机构控驭的重要转折阶段,与历史发展趋势相合。南宋政权所建立的战时中央统军体制,有利于中央进一步加强对派出军政机构的指挥、调动,但亦需面对如何处理好集权与效率的两难问题。

The imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty gradually forms a relatively fixed and perfect central unified military system in wartime.This system is dominated by Military Command(都督府),which reflects the normalization of the military and administrative organs sent by the Central Committee.On the one hand,the wartime military System in the Southern Song Dynasty is gradually formed in military practice.On the other hand,the Southern Song Dynasty is an important turning stage in the late imperial period when the central government strengthens the control of wartime military and political institutions.The wartime central unification system established by the Southern Song regime is conducive to the central authorities to further strengthen the command of the dispatched military and administrative organs,but it also has to face the dilemma of how to deal with centralization and efficiency.