溶剂-非溶剂法制备纳米FOX-7及其性能

Preparation of Nano-FOX-7 by Solvent-non-solvent Method and Its Properties

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)及两者的混合物为溶剂,通过溶剂-非溶剂法制备了纳米1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(FOX-7)。通过场发射电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析法(TG)对所制备的纳米FOX-7的形貌、物相、结构和热性能进行了表征,并对样品的感度进行了测试;在此基础上,研究了溶剂、表面活性剂对纳米FOX-7性能的影响。结果表明:所制备的纳米FOX-7平均晶粒尺寸小于30 nm。添加表面活性剂有助于降低纳米FOX-7的晶粒尺寸及颗粒尺寸,提高其粒度分布均匀性,改善其分散性。与原料相比,所制备的纳米FOX-7的初始分解温度提高,两个分解放热峰之间温度范围变窄,能量释放效率及分解焓有较大的提高,撞击感度与摩擦感度明显降低。当采用混合溶剂并添加表面活性剂OP-10和Tween 20时,所制备的纳米FOX-7的初始分解温度都提高近15℃,分解焓分别提高了4.97%,4.65%,摩擦感度降低了66.7%,50.0%。

Nano‐1,1‐diamino‐2,2‐dinitroethylene(FOX‐7)was prepared by the solvent‐non‐solvent method using N,N‐dimethylacetamide(DMAC),N‐methylpyrrolidone(NMP)and a mixture of the two as solvents.The morphology,phase,structure and thermal performances of the prepared nano‐FOX‐7 were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope(FE‐SEM),X‐ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT‐IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and thermogravimetric analysis(TG)method and its sensitivities were tested.On this basis,the effects of solvents and surfactants on the performances of nano‐FOX‐7 were investigated.The results show that the average grain size of the prepared nano‐FOX‐7 is less than 30 nm.The addition of surfactant is helpful to reduce the grain size and particle size of the prepared nano‐FOX‐7,enhance its uniformity of particle size distribution and improve its dispersity.Compared with the raw material,the initial decomposition temperatures of the prepared nano‐FOX‐7 increase,the temperature ranges between their two decomposition exothermic peaks become narrow,their energy release efficiency and decomposition enthalpy greatly increase and the impact and friction sensitivities significantly reduce.When using the mixed solvents and adding the surfactants OP‐10 and Tween 20,the initial decomposition temperatures of the prepared nano‐FOX‐7 increase nearly by 15℃,the enthalpies of decomposition increase by 4.97%and 4.65%respectively.And the friction sensitivities decrease by 66.7%and 50.0%respectively.