Viton/PVA粘结剂乳液的设计及其在炸药油墨中的应用

Design of Viton/PVA Binder Emulsion and its Application in Explosives Ink

为进一步提高悬浮型炸药油墨的成型效果,以26型氟橡胶(Viton)的乙酸乙酯溶液为油相,聚乙烯醇(PVA)的水溶液为水相,吐温-80(Tween-80)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为复合乳化剂,设计了一种"O/W"(水包油)型粘结剂乳液。采用SPSS数据分析软件设计了L_(25)(5~6)正交实验,对乳液制备中各组分的含量和配制工艺进行了优化,并对分析优化后的结果进行了实验验证,以乳液的静置稳定性为指标评价了乳液的稳定性。采用光学显微镜测试了乳液的微观结构。利用乳液作为粘结剂体系,六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)为主体炸药配制悬浮型炸药油墨,对炸药油墨进行了直写图案和晶型分析。结果表明,Tween-80/SDS质量比为1∶2、乳化剂(占乳液总质量)的质量分数为2%、水相、油相的浓度比2∶1,搅拌时间为30 min、乳化温度为20℃、搅拌速度为350 r·min^(-1),较有利于维持粘结剂乳液的稳定,通过优化实验条件制备的乳液粘合剂体系可以稳定约360 h。乳液分散相液滴的大小为20～120μm,分布较均匀,无明显团聚现象。配制的炸药油墨书写流畅、不堵塞直写针头且CL-20基炸药油墨复合物的晶型未改变。

To further improve the forming effect of suspended explosive ink,a kind of“O/W”type binder emulsion was designed by using ethyl acetate solution of type 26 fluoroelastomer(Viton)as oil phase,aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)as water phase,Tween‐80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)as surfactants.The orthogonal design of L25(5^6)was designed by SPSS data analysis software.The content of each component and preparation process in emulsion were optimized.The analyzed and optimized results were verified by experiments,and the stability of emulsion was evaluated by the static stability of emulsion as index.The microstructure of emulsion was measured by optical microscope.The suspended explosive ink was prepared using emulsion as binder system,hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL‐20)as the body explosive.The direct writing pattern and crystal type of the explosive ink were analyzed.The results show that the mass ratio of Tween‐80/SDS is 1∶2,The mass fraction of an emulsifier(the total mass of the emulsion)is 2%,the concentration ratio of water phase to oil phase is 2∶1,the stirring time is 30 min,the emulsifying temperature is 20℃and the stirring speed is 350 rpm,are more conducive to maintaining the stability of binder emulsion.The emulsion binder system prepared by optimized experimental conditions can be stable about 360 h.The size of dispersed phase droplet in the emulsion is 20-120μm,the distribution is uniform and there is no obvious agglomeration phenomenon.The prepared explosive ink writes smoothly without blocking the direct writing needle and the crystal type of CL‐20 in explosive ink composite has no change.