当代印度乡村司法的传统资源与路径选择

Traditional Resources and Route Selection of Rural Justice in Contemporary India

改善乡村司法是印度法律改革的重点和难点。为给乡村居民提供便捷、高效的司法保障,印度先后建立起司法潘查亚特体系和乡村法庭体系。司法潘查亚特体系立基于印度传统的乡村潘查亚特制度,是向本土资源求智慧的产物。乡村法庭体系则脱离了潘查亚特传统,实际上是正式法院系统向乡村偏远地区的延伸。对于同为文明古国和发展中大国的中国而言,印度乡村司法的发展历程具有重要的参考价值和启示意义。

Improving rural justice is the focus and difficulty of Indian legal reform.In order to provide convenient and efficient judicial guarantee for rural residents,India successively established the Nyaya Panchayat system and the Gram Nyayalaya system.The Nyaya Panchayat system based on the traditional rural panchayat system in India,was a product of seeking wisdom from indigenous resources.The Gram Nyayalaya system broke away from the Panchayat traditions and became an extension of the formal court system to remote rural areas.As the same civilized ancient and developing country as China,the development of rural justice in India provides important reference and enlightenment for China.