纺织服装产品的化学品足迹核算与评价

Calculation and assessment of chemical footprint of textiles and apparel

为解决纺织服装产品生命周期内化学品过量使用所引发的环境负荷难以量化、评价,以及不同产品生命周期内环境负荷难以比较等问题,文章在综述化学品足迹概念及其研究进展的基础上,重点阐述了纺织服装产品化学品足迹核算与评价中的核算边界、核算方法、结果评价等关键问题。认为纺织服装产品化学品足迹核算与评价可以实现产品间和工序间环境负荷的量化比较;进行特征因子不确定性分析和USEtox模型优化,可提高纺织服装产品化学品足迹核算结果的精度;综合生态毒性和人体毒性的综合评价,可增加纺织服装产品生命周期内化学品管控的科学性。

It is difficult to quantify and evaluate environmental load caused by the excessive consumption of chemicals in the life cycle of textile and apparel,and to compare environmental load in the life cycle of different products.To solve the problems,this paper reviewed the definition and research progress of chemical footprint firstly.On the basis of that,some key issues,such as calculation boundary,calculation method and assessment of chemical footprint of textile and apparel products were discussed in detail.It is concluded that the calculation and assessment of chemical footprint can realize the quantitative comparison of environmental load of different products and processes.The accuracy of chemical footprint calculation can be increased by the uncertainty analysis of characterization factors and the USEtox model optimization.At last,the comprehensive assessment of ecotoxicity and human toxicity can improve the chemicals management scientificity in the life cycle of textile and apparel products.