高职院校专业设置与产业结构的适应性问题及优化措施——以河北省为例

The Adaptability Problems and Optimization Measures of Professional Setting and Industrial Structure in Higher Vocational Colleges——A Case Study of Hebei Province

专业设置是职业教育培养技术技能人才的关键,应适应区域经济社会和产业发展需求.选取河北省为案例省份,根据国家及河北省统计部门发布的相关数据,利用匹配度和吻合度模型,分析了"十二五"期间河北省高职院校专业设置与产业结构的适应性状况.结果表明,河北省高职院校专业设置与第三产业的匹配性最好,第二产业次之,第一产业最差.在高职院校设置的19类专业中,1个专业无人才培养需求,4个专业人才培养"供过于求",14个专业人才培养"供不应求".提升高职院校服务社会能力,需基于区域产业结构变化调整专业设置,基于供求平衡调控不同专业人才培养数量,基于特色职业院校建设目标设置特色专业,基于质量评价体制机制优化专业结构.

Professional setting is the key of cultivating technical personnel in vocational education,and should be adapted to the needs of regional economic and industrial development. Selecting Hebei Province as the case,according to the relevant data from the national and Hebei statistical departments,using the matching and fit degree model,the adaptability of professional settings and industrial structure of higher vocational colleges in Hebei Province during the 12 th Five-Year Plan period was analyzed. The results show that the professional setting of higher vocational colleges in Hebei Province is the best match with the tertiary industry,followed by the secondary industry and the worst of the primary industry. Among the 19 categories of majors set up in higher vocational colleges,there is no talent cultivated needs in a profession,"oversupply"in four professions,and"in short supply"in 14 professions. To improve the ability of higher vocational colleges to serve the society,it is necessary to adjust the professional settings based on regional industrial structure changes,balance the number of different professional talents based on supply and demand,set special profession based on the construction goals of featured vocational colleges,and optimize the specialty structure based on quality evaluation system.