膜下滴灌棉田生物改良盐碱地效果研究

Effect of halophytes on improving saline-sodic soil of cotton field with drip irrigation under plastic film

通过在膜下滴灌棉田间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)、孜然(Ⅱ)和碱蓬(Ⅲ),并以未间作的处理作为对照(CK),研究不同盐生植物改良盐碱地的效果。结果表明:间作盐生植物的棉田在生育期内可以达到保水和抑制盐分累积的效果,土壤含水量峰值基本保持在40 cm深度,其中以间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的保水效果较好,在0～40 cm深度范围土壤含水量与对照组相比分别提升了29.80%和14.49%;间作苜蓿(Ⅰ)和孜然(Ⅱ)的处理抑制盐分累积的效果也较好,在0～40 cm深度范围抑盐率分别为125%和70.38%。同时,通过在膜间种植盐生植物,棉花的株高、茎粗和干物质量均有一定程度的增加,籽棉产量也有相应的提升,其中以间作孜然和苜蓿的处理提升较多,分别比对照组提升10.45%和7.74%。由此可见,膜下滴灌棉田间作盐生植物是一种有效的盐碱地改良措施,而盐生植物的选择对改良的效果影响较大,综合试验结果对比,间作孜然和间作苜蓿的生物改良措施效果较好。

We investigated the effects of intercropping system of alfalfa(Ⅰ),cumin(Ⅱ),and suaeda(Ⅲ)with cotton on improving saline-sodic soil with drip irrigation under plastic film. The results showed that the intercropping of halophytes in the saline-sodic cotton fields improved waterholding and slowed salt accumulation in the cotton growth period. The peak soil moisture content maintained in the top 40 cm layer. The intercropping with alfalfa(Ⅰ) and cumin(Ⅱ) improved water holding capacity by 29.80% and 14.49%,respectively,in the top 40 cm zone compared to the control. Intercropping with alfalfa and cumin had considerable effect on reducing salt accumulation in soil with rates of restraining salt of 125% and 70.38%,respectively,in the top 40 cm soil. The growth parameters of cottons such as plant height,stem diameter,and dry matter,with intercropping halophytes were also improved. The cotton yield in the field with alfalfa and cumin also increased by 10.45% and 7.74% compared with control. Thus,intercropping of halophytes in cotton field with drip irrigation under plastic film is an effective measure in improving saline-sodic soil and different halophytes can have different effects. The results of this study concluded that the intercropping cumin and alfalfa with cotton is an effective biological way to improve saline-sodic soil.