国内外溢油应急技术现状及发展趋势

Current Situation and Development Trend of Oil Spilling Emergency Technologies at Home and Abroad

海上船舶运输是全球各地区之间主要的石油运输方式,一旦发生重大溢油污染事故将会给环境和经济造成巨大损失。石油开采、管道输送、储油罐泄漏等也会给周围河流、地下水等造成巨大污染。建立一套完善的溢油应急技术,开发应用先进适用的溢油监视、监测、预测和处置技术,能够有效防治水体污染带来的问题,最大程度地减小溢油事故造成的危害。通过对比研究国内外溢油应急监视、监测、预测,以及应急处置相关技术现状,分析我国目前溢油应急响应技术存在的不足,为今后我国溢油应急技术的发展提出相关建议。

Marine shipping is the main mode of oil transportation between different regions in the world.Once a major oil spill pollution accident occurs,it will cause huge losses to the environment and economy.Oil exploitation,pipeline transportation and oil tank leakage will also cause great damage to surrounding rivers and groundwater.Establishing a set of perfect oil spill emergency technologies and developing and applying advanced and applicable oil spill monitoring,detection,prediction and disposal technologies can effectively prevent and control the problems caused by water pollution and minimize the harm caused by oil spill accidents.By comparing the related technologies to oil spill emergency monitoring,detection,prediction and disposal at home and abroad,the shortcomings of oil spill emergency response technologies in China are analyzed,and some relevant suggestions are put forward for the development of oil spill emergency technologies in China in the future.