慢性间歇性缺氧大鼠认知功能障碍的研究进展

The research progress of chronic intermittent hypoxia on cognitive dysfunction in rats

慢性间歇性缺氧(Chronic intermittent hypoxia,CIH)是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)最主要的特征,与认知功能相关,目前的研究常采用慢性间歇性缺氧动物模型模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的生理学特点,进而探究其发病机制。该疾病的发病机制包括氧化应激、信号通路的异常激活、炎症反应,引起神经元细胞损伤、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的异常活化、海马微血管系统改变、体内代谢紊乱,使认知功能相关的脑部区域组织损伤,特别是海马区域,最终引起认知功能障碍。本文意在阐述CIH诱导脑损伤研究进展,主要是认知功能障碍方面,从而为探索OSAS的发病机制和治疗提供帮助。

Chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH)is one of the main features of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS),which is also commonly associated with neurocognitive impairment.Present studies often use chronic intermittent hypoxia animal models to mimic the pathophysiological feature of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.The pathogenesis of this disorder is a multifactorial process related to a variety of mechanisms,including oxidative stress(OS),abnormal activation of signaling pathway and inflammatory response.These changes lead to neuronal cell injury,astrocyte and microglia abnormal activation,hippocampal microvasculature system alteration and metabolism disorders,and then cause the cognitive dysfunction associated regional brain damage,particularly in the hippocampus,finally resulting in neurocognitive deficits.The present study aimed to elucidate the effect of CIH-induced brain injuries,mainly cognitive dysfunction,and provide assistance about exploring the pathogenesis and therapies of OSAS.