以画为寄——明代绘画“兴寄”论

As the Carrier of Feelings——On the Theory of "Xingji" of Ming Dynasty Paintings

"兴寄"理论是明代绘画思想的重要组成部分,画论家对绘画"兴寄"功能的认识,从创作动机来看,"寄兴"是画家从事绘画活动的动力因素,绘画成为画家个人的寄兴行为、抒情方式;从绘画艺术的本质看,绘画的本质是主体情感的物化形态,笔墨形式的营造是"寄兴"行为的实现途径;从创作主体来看,画家的人格品质是"寄兴"活动能否展开的关键因素,绘画活动具有非功利性。这些认识深刻影响了人们的绘画批评方式和笔墨形式的创造观念,是对画学史上关于绘画与情感之间关系论说的系统总结和发展,是明代画论家对传统画学做出的重要贡献。

The theory of"Xingji"is an important part of the painting thoughts of the Ming Dynasty.The painters'understanding of the function of"Xingji"in paintings,from the perspective of creative motives,is the driving force for painters to engage in painting activities.From the essence of painting art,the essence of painting is the materialized form of subjective emotion,and the creation is the way to realize the behavior of"Xingji".From the perspective of the subject of creation,the personality of the painter Quality is the key factor in whether the“Xingji”can be carried out,and painting activities are non-utilitarian.These understandings have profoundly influenced people's style of painting criticism and the creative concept of painting form.They are a systematic summary and development of the relationship between painting and emotion in the history of painting,and an important contribution of Ming Dynasty painters to traditional painting.