刑法视角下遗忘物与遗失物之认定——行为人占有说

Identification of Oblivion Property and Lost Property from the Perspective of Criminal Law——Behavior Possessor Theory

我国现行法律对遗失物与遗忘物的定义以及范围均未作任何规定,对于二者是否存在区别以及怎样区分等问题争议不断。就二者是否存在区别的讨论目前主要存在两种学说,即"区分说"与"等同说"。在区分说内部就区分标准又存在极大差异,主要包括:传统学说、占有说。在对遗忘物与遗失物进行认定时要坚持主客观相统一的原则,既要考察客观上物所处的"占有状态",同时也要考虑到行为人主观上对物所处状态之认识。

There is no stipulation on the definition and scope of the lost property and the forgotten property in the current law of our country.There are two main theories on whether there is a difference between the two.That is the theory of distinction and the theory of equivalence.There are great differences in the distinction between internal and external criteria,including the traditional theory and the theory of possession.In identifying the forgotten and lost things,we should adhere to the principle of the unity of subjective and objective.We should not only investigate the“possession state”of the object,but also consider the subjective cognition of the actor.