近代日本对西方公共图书馆思想的受容与日本公共图书馆的最初形态

The Acceptance of Western Ideas on Public Library in Modern Japan

文章依据史料对日本公共图书馆在近代的发端、日本"公共図書館"的最初形态进行研究。首先,依据福泽谕吉和岩仓使节团带入日本的出访见闻还原西方公共图书馆思想传入日本时的最初形态。其次,探讨日本近代社会独特的"不完整的近代市民社会"对西方公共图书馆思想的受容方式,考察公共图书馆所依存的公共领域在近代日本的发展状态。由于日本近代初期市民社会发展不成熟,因此建立起近代天皇制国家,公共领域由"私之公"与"政府之公"结合而成,因此发端于日本近代的公共图书馆同时发生于这两个割裂的领域之中,从而以官立书籍馆与私立集书公司的形式出现。

To explore the origin and early form of public libraries in modern Japan,the author systematically and comprehensively reviewed and analyzed related literature.Based on the literature related to public libraries introduced by the Iwakura Mission and Yukich Fukuzawa,the author presented the original ideas of public library brought to Japan.Then,the author,by paying special attention to the concept of public sphere in Japan,discussed how the Japanese incomplete civil society and western ideas of public library were understood and accepted.The less mature civil society in early modern Japan and the Mikado System unavoidably influenced the concepts of public sphere such that public libraries had functioned in those ways like Tokyo Shosekikwan and Kyoto Shushoin.