济南春季颗粒态汞污染特征及健康评估研究

Pollution Characteristics and Health Assessment of Particulate Mercury in Spring of Jinan City

近年来,大气颗粒态汞对人体健康的危害逐渐凸显。济南是山东省的省会城市,能源消耗量大,工业园区集中。文章以济南市不同功能区域的大气颗粒物为研究对象,对其中的汞含量进行测定。结果表明,监测期间所有供试点中TSP、PM10、PM2.5超标率分别为(GB 3095-2012二级标准):27.8%、38.9%、55.6%,PM2.5超标比率较高,细颗粒物在大气总悬浮颗粒物中占比较高,工业区对颗粒物排放贡献较大。不同颗径颗粒态汞含量不同,TSP汞含量为0.353±0.081ng/m3,PM10汞含量为0.279±0.071 ng/m3,PM2.5汞含量为0.223±0.053 ng/m3。颗粒物中汞的含量比值,PM10占TSP的比值为0.79±0.14,PM2.5占PM10的比为0.81±0.10,颗粒态汞主要存在于细颗粒物中。同时研究还表明,颗粒态汞的质量浓度与颗粒物的质量浓度呈正相关关系,大气颗粒态汞(可吸入颗粒物PM10)的危险系数HQ均小于1。

In the recent years,the harm of atmospheric particulate mercury to human health has become increasingly prominent.Jinan is the capital city of Shandong Province,with large energy consumption and industrial parks centralized.In this study,the atmospheric particulate matters in different functional areas of Jinan were taken as the research object,and mercury content was measured.The results showed that the over-standard rates of TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 at the test sites during the monitoring period(GB 3095-2012 secondary standard)were 27.8%,38.9%,and 55.6%.PM2.5 exceeded the standard rate maximally,and the fine particulate matters accounted for higher proportion of the total atmospheric suspended particulates.The industrial zone contributed more to particulate emissions.Mercury contents of the particulate matters in different particle sizes were different.The mercury content of TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 was 0.353±0.081,0.279±0.071 and 0.223±0.053 ng/m^3 respectively.With regard to the ratio of mercury contents in particulates,the ratio of PM10 to TSP was 0.79±0.14,that of PM2.5 to PM10 was 0.81±0.10,and particulate mercury was mainly found in fine particles.At the same time,the results also showed that there was a positive correlation between the mass concentration of particulate mercury and the mass concentration of particulate matters,and HQ of the atmospheric particulate mercury(inhalable PM10)was less than 1.