贵州2种砧木对甜樱桃嫁接口解剖结构及幼苗生长特性的影响

Effects of Two Stocks on Graft Union's Anatomical Structure and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Sweet Cherry in Guizhou

【目的】探讨"红皮"樱桃对甜樱桃接穗的生理影响,以期为贵州本地樱桃砧木的选育提供一定的理论依据。【方法】以贵州本地野樱桃一年生"红皮"和"青皮"实生苗为砧木,分别嫁接"曙光"甜樱桃。观察嫁接口的解剖结构,同时比较接穗的生长势、叶绿素含量等生理特性。【结果】嫁接120 d后,"红皮"砧嫁接口离层消失,维管束形成,愈合较好,砧穗的结构差异较小;嫁接165d后,红皮"砧幼苗生长迅速,叶绿素及可溶性糖含量显著高于"青皮"砧幼苗;嫁接240 d后,"红皮"和"青皮"砧幼苗的最大光合速率分别为21.43和15.87μmol CO_2·m^(-2)·s^(-1),两者差异显著;气孔导度均随光强的增加而增大,"红皮"砧幼苗最大值为0.74mmol H_2O·m^(-2)·s^(-1),显著高于"青皮"砧幼苗(0.39 mmol H_2O·m^(-2)·s^(-1))。【结论】综合"红皮"砧嫁接口愈合较好、幼苗生长迅速、叶片叶绿素及可溶性糖含量较高、光合速率较高等表现,初步确定"红皮"樱桃适宜在贵州地区作为甜樱桃砧木。

【Objective】To provide a certain theoretical basis for breeding of local cherry stocks by studying the effect of‘Hongpi’cherry variety on physiological characteristics of sweet cherry scion in Guizhou.【Method】The graft union’s anatomical structure of annual‘Hongpi’and‘qingpi’seedlings(two local wild cherry varieties in Guizhou)grafted with‘Shuguang’sweet cherry variety was observed and the physiological characteristics(growth vigor and chlorophyll content)of scions was compared.【Result】The abscission layer in the graft union of‘Hongpi’stock disappears,the vascular bundle was formed and there was no obvious difference in structure between stock and scion in 120 days after grafting.The chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of‘Hongpi’grafting seedlings with a strong growth vigor was significantly higher than that of‘Qingpi’grafting seedlings in 165 days after grafting.The maximum photosynthetic rate of‘Hongpi’and‘Qingpi’grafting seedlings was 21.43 and 15.87μmolCO 2·m^-2·s^-1 in 240 days after grafting respectively,which indicated that the difference was significant.The stomatal conductance increases with increase of light intensity and the maximum stomatal conductance of‘Hongpi’grafting seedlings was 0.74 mmol H2O·m^-2·s^-1,and was significantly higher than that of‘Qingpi’grafting seedlings(0.39 mmol H2O·m^-2·s^-1).【Conclusion】‘Qingpi’cherry variety with the advantages of good graft union healing feature,rapid seedling growth,high chlorophyll and soluble sugar content and high photosynthetic rate should be used as a stock for breeding of sweet cherry in Guizhou.